Selection of drought and salinity tolerant water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) lines through somaclonal variation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54939/1859-1043.j.mst.IMBE.2025.144-150Keywords:
Water spinach; Somaclonal variation; Mannitol; NaCl; Callus; Drought and salinity tolerance.Abstract
This study applied tissue culture and artificial stress treatments to develop drought- and salinity-tolerant water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) lines. Calli from the DL1 cultivar were dehydrated via sterile air-blowing (2–10 h) to induce somaclonal variation, and then regenerated plantlets were screened for stress tolerance. Drought tolerance was tested with mannitol (15–45 g/L) and salinity tolerance with NaCl (0.5–2.0%). A 10-minute HgCl₂ treatment produced the highest survival (66.67%), though additional disinfection was necessary. Callus regeneration declined with longer dehydration; 2 h was optimal. The combination of 15 g/L mannitol and 2 weeks of air-drying achieved the highest plantlet survival (85.74%). Salt tolerance peaked at 0.5–1.0% NaCl, above which survival dropped sharply. Sixteen somaclonal lines with enhanced drought and salinity tolerance were obtained. The results highlight in vitro–induced somaclonal variation under combined physical and chemical stress as a practical approach for breeding stress-resilient leafy vegetables for climate change adaptation.
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